Modern Restoration Methods and Their Role in Recovering the Cultural and Material Heritage of Cities Following Natural Disasters and Wars (Case Study: The Libyan City of Derna)

(Case Study: The Libyan City of Derna)

Abstract

Recently, modern methods in the field of restoration are of great importance, especially in the presence of the challenges it faces after wars and natural disasters, as a result of its effective role in preserving the cultural heritage of cities, and this is what we see from the efforts and advanced methods used in preserving the cultural and historical identity of societies. , by international bodies, global organizations, and specialists in this field, from developing curricula and developing charters and laws; In this regard, the content of this research study addresses knowledge of modern and advanced restoration methods and approaches, and the extent of their effectiveness and success as important tools in the issue of restoring the cultural and material heritage of cities after disasters and wars, through through a review of some successful experiences in restoring and preserving heritage, for cities that have previously been exposed to this; What the country witnessed today in a number of Libyan cities, and the important events that accompanied it, as an urban area with all its material and non-material components in the current decade, and during the last few years of its contemporary history, starting with the wars it went through, following the popular uprising (February, 2011 AD) And recently, the changes and climatic conditions, which were accompanied by hurricanes and floods, led to natural disasters, each of which caused serious human damage, and losses of property and buildings of historical importance, which were like a mirror that reflected the civilization and culture of Libyan society, in the cities affected by these events As it thus constituted a threat and danger to the identity and features of Libyan cities, their archaeological sites, their historical and cultural buildings, and their urban evidence, with originality and aesthetic symbolic values, which makes the architectural heritage with its material components, which embody the character, local identity and Libyan cultural heritage, vulnerable to loss and damage. Total or partial, or destruction and damage, and this in turn makes shedding light on the urban environment surrounding the region, and the great cultural heritage and material heritage it contains, an extremely important issue that requires work and finding solutions.